Epidermis

Stratum corneum (aka cornified layer)

  • Made of dead cells (lack nuclei and organelles)·      
  • Contains 15-20 layer of cells·      
  • Cells absorb water, which leads to wrinkling
Stratum lucidum (aka clear/translucent layer, only in the palms and soles)

  • Made of dead cells
  • 3-5 layers of flattened cells
  •  Thickness is determined by the rate of mitosis of epidermal cells

Stratum granulosum (aka granuler layer)

  •          Highest layer of living cells
  •         Only a few layers of skin

Stratum spinosum (aka spinous layer)

  • Referred to the spinous or prickle-cell layer

Stratum basale/germinativum (aka basal/germinal layer)

  •  1-3 cells thick
  • Contains three types of cells:

  1. o    Melanocytes (Pigment producing cells)
  2. o    Langertons cells (Immune cells)
  3. o    Merkel cells (Touch receptors)

Dermis

Stratum Papillare

  • Made of areolar connective tissue
  • Contain papillae, which contain either terminal networks for blood capillaries or tactile Meissner’s corpuscles

Stratum Reticulare

  •          Much thicker than the papillare layer
  •          Composed of dense irregular connective tissue
  •          Has a dense concentration of collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers weaving within each other, which gives it strength, extensibility, and elasticity.
  •          Contain the roots of the hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, receptors, nails, and blood vessels.

 
 
 

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